HUMAN DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HUMAN indisposition - Essay ExampleHowever, recent studies suggest that enteroviruses, specifically Coxsackie B enteroviruses (CVB) and an enteroviral capsid protein, vp1, may be add to the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Following up on the said studies, Richardson et al. (2) collected 72 pancreatic autopsy tissues from patients with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus along with 161 controls. These samples were immunostained for insulin, glucagon, vp1, double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase R (PKR) and MHC class 1. VP1staining was restricted to insulin-containing beta cells (Ibid 1). The results of the experiment showed the presence of vp1-immunopositive cells in multiple islets, 44 out of 72, from young, recent-onset, Type 1 diabetic patients, compared with skilful three islets out of 50 specimens from neonatal and paediatric normal controls. Dako antiserum in vp1 immunostaining was used because of its specificity in labeling vp1 immunopositive cells, oddly when it comes to Islet of Langerhans cells. A nonher consideration was that polyclonal antisera raised against enteroviruses often cross-react with tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) and heat shock protein (hsp-60). However, the study results show that cross-reaction does not occur with Dako antiserum as IA-2 is present in both alpha cells and beta cells. As well, the results showed no token(prenominal) alpha cells were stained. PKR immunostaining was also done since PKR is a protein upregulated in response to enteroviral infections like CVB4. A strong correlational statistics was found between PKR and vp1 immunopositivity which supports the findings that Dako antiserum is indicative of a persistent enteroviral infection. Two other antisera were used but the results exploitation these were not conclusive. Results of the experiment have also linked vp1 infection to type 2 diabetes even if thither is no autoimmunity. Since PKR production is a response of the infected endocrine cells to the disease, the o utcome may be diminish insulin secretion. Reckoning with obesity as a predisposing factor, one may then expect adult-onset, Type 2 diabetes as a result. The paper presented a major diagnostic uncovering that contrasted sharply with the longstanding image about genetic predisposition being virtually the only explanation for the onset of Type 1 diabetes. The study revolutionizes the way diabetes will henceforth treated and preventive measures can now be taken. A development of a vaccine for enteroviral infections can lead to a reduction of juvenile diabetes cases worldwide. A breakthrough like this may well be worthy of a Nobel prize. Works Cited internationalist Diabetes Foundation. What is Diabetes 13 June 2010. International Diabetes Foundation. 2 May 2011 Richardson, S. J. et al. The Prevalence of Enteroviral Capsid Protein vp1 Immunostaining in Pancreatic Islets in Human Type 1 Diabetes.