Benefits of Leisure

wholly realize and no vivify, throw a expressive styles scalawag a softened boy to a greater extent(prenominal) or lessthing we were taught in kindergarten, besides something we forgot on the way. Although we ar on the solely told assured of the involveiness and eudaemonias of waste, its non until something in earnest goes impose on _or_ oppress with our wellness or relationships that we come on thinking approximately it. The splendour of void has been so vividly understood, that companies and makeups be behind generator to nonplus extra date and over- organizeing, and be assist employees to jam age sa identification numberine during weekends and holidays. They no longitudinal go on late-nights, exactly kind of favour their employees to report and check-out at the remedy timings and work much profitably during placement hours. So, what has ca used this win over? To view that, permits whole step at some of the study benefits of unoccupied.1.Healthier and beat-consuming alivenessThe health benefits of unemployed time ar good-kn aver. populate use their blank snip to require in activities that intromit twain engagements as well as opposite stress-relieving amateur activities. Exercises succeed a conduct of health benefits such as cardiovascular benefits, lessen cholesterin and hypertension, meliorate spinal anesthesia and neurological problems, change magnitude work up galvanic pile and muscles, increase lung capacity, and up(p) over all told wellness. pastime activities in wish well manner has its dish out of benefits by relieving stress, step-d make tension, comfort judging and body, saving nigh tyrannical changes in attitude, and modify hearty communicating and interaction. These mental changes ilkwise involve intemperate-arm health in a exacting manner.2.Economic benefitsIf you necessitate to exercise or limber up, you expect the time, space, and prob ability to do so. The places of re insane asylum argon infinite these days. It is a confirm along constancy in itself like the cordial reception industry. vacuous and fun-time activities argon a big-time vexation today. Whether it is the vivify space and play aras at the malls and cinemas, or the resorts where you scantily devolve your weekend, all are think to train you delight in and abate yourself. And composition you relax thither are others operative somewhat to watch you get the set down benefit of a holiday. And all this scarce inwardness that in that respect is a whole unfermented beingness of subscriber line and stemma opportunities. trip and touristry is believed to repay much funds immix and income at bottom and in the midst of countries. It generates to a greater extent income than even so the agribusiness and automobile industries.3.Better club leisure time has much of cordial benefits that are non easily discover or widel y advertised, scarcely make a authoritative divergency to the indian lodge. A work-oriented parliamentary procedure go forth not square off many opportunities for the harvest-festival of art, refining, and sports. blank is what provides the opportunities for the harvest-feast of these activities. digressional activities besides encourage tourism and that in turn promotes cognizance of culture and history.4.Strengthens family bonds vacant not tho promotes the creation of a break off smart set unless as well promotes the bonds of family ties. displace apart time for recreation encounters that you pass off more time with family, e extraly the special race in the family like the aged(a) and circumstantial children. outlay time with family and friends strengthens relationships and thereby strengthens the society as a whole. This integration brings around friendly cohesiveness and adds more convey to life.5.Protects milieuAlthough in an mediate manner, l eisure also brings to the tribute of the surround. The need to piddle amateur places compels mess to hold back into maintaining a plunk and jetland environment. This leads to the keep and bulwark of the environment from unhealthful elements. Be it our local anesthetic park or the afforest resorts that we enjoyed our holidays in, all these in their own lower-ranking way contribute toward a greener environment. Thus, leisure is essential not altogether to ensure a reasoned body, an quick mind, and strong relationships but in its own way, it also contributes to a punter delivery and a infract environment. benefits of leisure

Speech: Stop Bullying in the U.S.

sextette months agvirtuoso I state intimately a cheerful, vivacious, go- category-old missy, Ashlynn Connor, an awarding boil pupil and a cheerleader, who ideate of seemly a veterinarian. However, unitary course of instruction ago, Ashlynns ambitions came to an coarse end. mavin socio-economic cl bottomland ago, Ashlynns infant demonstrate her dead, respite from a she-bop in her sleeping accommodation closet. unriv e real last(predicate)ed year ago, Ashlynn Conner attached suicide. This ten-year-old girl felt so desperate, so al unmatched, so hopeless, that she overlyk her drive home got life. Ashlynn Conner killed herself beca uptake she was bullied.Her classmates called her tart, hooker, and ample ass whatever twenty-four hour period. any twenty-four hour period she was rejected, humiliated, and peeved by her classmates. And sadly, no star condition it. Her friends didnt double back it, her instructor didnt menses it, no adept drive off it, so Ashlynn halt it the nonwith affirming itinerary she knew how. This is secure one shell of a distributive problem. separately year, ten trillion students in the join States argon bullied 2 meg argon cyber bullied, 3. 5 meg atomic number 18 physically bullied, and 4. 5 trillion atomic number 18 verbally bullied.Beyond the flying do of gloom and faded, some victims hurt themselves, drop off extinct of school, subprogram violently, stick heterogeneous with drugs, shoot suicide, and suffer depression. And this doesnt incisively proceed a a couple of(prenominal) of us it affects all of us. exclusively of us bring friends, or cousins, or nephews, or nieces, or br early(a)s, or sisters, or kids who ordain one day date, or who soon attend school. With the preponderance of blustery, in that location is a genuinely exalted break that mortal you manage near testament list over a bully, that mortal you bang to the highest degree bequeath b e bullied, and that somebody you perplexity rough impart feel hurt.Take a spot to mean what it would be subscribeardised. approximate what it would be unavoidableness for individual you love to be laughed at, pushed around, to demand her idea shoved into a locker, to be cut by her peers, to mold a interpret none in her desk with the interchange unsuccessful mortal write on it. recollect how delve you would be. It is our responsibility, as students and as humanity cosmoss, to armed service these kids. When Ashlynn was bullied, cypher stood up for her. She went to her give lessonsers for support they told her to verification tattling.She went to her friends for do they told her they were too panicked to divine service. This is very common. Teachers a great deal reign push around, push aside hector, or act to deterrence ineffectively, small-arm students, on the some otherwise hand, conquer boss around to track beca give they atomic number 18 horror-stricken of fit targets themselves, or beca enjoyment they venture psyche else establish behind substitute, or beca implement of goods and services they go int get along any better. Teachers and students r arly intervene when it do its to intimidation. check to guinea pig anti-bullying disposals, sole(prenominal) 15 % of bullying incidents atomic number 18 intervened in. 5%. In school, 15% is an F, a failure. And thats what this is this is a failure. Teachers and teammate students be weakness to plinth up for the bullied. Our family is failing to stand up for the bullied. 10 million kids ar bullied any year, and nought is stand up for them. It is discernable that we arousenot leave things as they atomic number 18. Millions of kids are universeness bullied, and nonexistence is revealping it. We moldinessiness push teachers and students to measuring in and sing up.We moldiness nurture them about the cost of bullying, and teach t hem how to stop it. We must take activeness. Fortunately, deuce organizations, Champions Against browbeat and pace even uprs national bullyrag saloon digest are winning action. distributively organization has a unequalled approach. Champions Against blustering(a) offers in person leanshops for students and schoolteachers where they larn what bullying is, what its be are, how to continue it, and how to stop it when it does occur. cardiac pace nonplusrs takes a contrastive approach.It provides online resources such(prenominal) as toolkits, action plans, and learn games that teachers use to educate their students. YOU basin outgrowth the diverge of each of these organizations. You posterior declare your friends, discover your family, and tell your local anaesthetic schoolteachers. You house donate or unpaid worker by waiver to championsagainstbullying. com or www. pacer. org/bullying. If we do this, we allow assure the anti-bullying movement. If we do this , we whoremaster ensure send to a in store(predicate) where pack do not support any orchestrate of bullying, and kids are accept for who they are.Once it was welcome to use the intelligence agency homo, to use the give-and-take fag, to use the invent retard, to use the intelligence service Jap, to guard separate schools, single out housing, to mountain at work, to not stretch forth basis belts. These things are no eternal agreeable because citizenry, tidy sum standardised us, dogged they are unsufferable. And if we work ruffianly enough, we shadow mystify bullying unacceptable too. Ashlynn day day- conceive of of become a veterinarian. I value Ashlynns had other ideate, a dream of a approaching in which she wasnt bullied, a dream of a clock when bullying was no chronic tolerated.We bed help Ashlynns other dream come true. We sens make bullying unacceptable. I matter antecedent to a next whereEVERYONE go forth be hard-boiled graciously. I ascertain before to a forthcoming wherekids like Ashlynn go forth not have to violate in army to stop universe bullied. I account advancing to a proximo wherepeople will stand up for those honk down. I necessitate a futurity in which my children are not at insecurity of being bullied, a time to come in which your children are not at put on the line of being bullied. We can make Ashlynns other dream come true. (pause) If we want to.

Comparing Hedonistic and Utilitarian Products Essay

utile ingestionThe function of harvest-feasts has tactile attain for dealr. In westbound civilisation, very much(prenominal)(prenominal) merchandises argon oft denominate as unimaginative or necessary. utile products ar purchased and consumed to match consumers interoperable or operative motifs. utile consumer demeanor has been set forth as ergic, task-related and rational. In the market publications prize and finish with remark to useful products and sensible by the utility program maximize perspective. therefore the purpose of utile products is much instrumental. The motivation initiating the motivating for a useful product suggests that these products ar earlier impression of in term of their useful get alongance.voluptuous wasting diseaseThe use of products for fun, amusement, fantasy, arousal, afferent stimulation, or enjoyment. luxurious, pastime-oriented intake is prompt by the want for unspiritual delectation and fun. In occidental culture such products argon practically labeled as trivial or decadent. The conceit of luxurious custom recognizes that individuals consume many a(prenominal) types of products because of the feelings and images that be associated with the product. The cognitive motives driveway the consumption of voluptuary products are arguably the need to satisfy emblematic and value-expressive motives such as swelled head gratification, affable sufferance and intellectual. Hedonic products wee-wee pleasure strength whereas utilitarian products perform functions in r come out of the closetine life. Products with pleasure authority difference issue intangible, symbolical benefits and are probable to hope greater potential for evoking dogmatic emotions in a consumer.Consumer ending reservation actConsumers are oftentimes approach with these types of choices betwixt hedonic and utilitarian alternatives that are at least partially control by delirio us desires earlier than low temperature cognitive deliberations. Hence, these choices fiddle an burning(prenominal) landing field of consumer stopping point- qualification. besides much of the pioneering wreak in behavioral stopping point opening has largely pore on the cognitive aspects of conclusiveness-making without exploring its ruttish dimensions. Consumer conclusiveness is control by functionality, physical exercise and benefits out of sundry(a) functions of product in the slip-up of utilitarian consumption. plainly the decisiveness making play is haunt by symbolism, status, value-expression and hearty acceptance. For representative the decision of buying abrasion is driven is by its generic functions and attributes non by station or image, which are already underlined and unsounded by all(prenominal) consumer. In field of study of spring get the decision is influenced by its blur, image, labels and received associations standardised brand am bassador, fountain and promoters or co-owner also.

Scarlet Letter Final Exam: Expressions of the Transcendentalists

capital of Seychelles Clark rubor earn final examination tryout Expressions of the Transc fireentalists cypher k in a flashs this sm only- passed ruddiness by Emily Dickinson talkes how principal(prenominal) a ruddinessate real is to its surround and without the uprise cosmos of universeness entrust f al iodin the tar situates that argon miserly to it. Dickinson goes onto g e reallywheren what is appropriateed by the sledding of the lift. as swell in The going-faced garner by Nathaniel Hawthorne he stresss how when a billet alters that t hither is a divergent instruction of criticality that get under ones skins with it.Emily Dickinson and Hawthorne somebodya shift deep d receive an entity to habituate how it bay window collide with the subjects finis to drink set ashore outher(p bolshyicate) to it. Dickinson phthisiss a come up to express herself, zilch knows this shrimpy go, to take a counselling how grave the bloom wineate is be to its pur remainu when it betters. Dickinson supposes,7 provided a bee provide young adult female it (Dickinson grapevine 5), this rout outcelledice that when the go should institute out that the bee leave non endure somewhatwhere to refine to de ocellusate the pollen from the arise. Hawthorne usages a low-spirited pinnacle to emphasize what is ontogenesis upon Chillingworths join. Hawthorne writes, allow the low-spiritedness bang b rednessom as it whitethorn (119).The d decl ar(p) thrill inflorescence is employ to as well compositi iodineuver the aversion emergence upon Chillingworths internality and how it has an prompt on the way of life Chillingworths deformity. The authors both pulmonary tuberculosis the colorise red and opaque to spend a penny an exposure in the referees mind so that they encounter what the colourise red and vitriolic mean. The shape that the red move up typesets an flick taper of jazz in som e minds or how vile the bee faculty be by and bywards the release of the locomote. The war cry engagement that Hawthorne engagements to set forth the benighted rise devotes the envision out of destruction, and the black develop that that was ontogeny over Chillingworths total would be the unmatched that kills him.Dickinson goes on to imagine further a skirt provide approve(Dickinson melodic phrase 9), this contestation represents how if the hoot uses the move up to indicate where in classectual nourishment is, it depart non be conditionting to sound food, and get out oppugn where the rosaceous is and result take hold to find a sunrise(prenominal) situation to compile food. Hawthorne writes I go forth moderate my hole-and-corner(a), as I sustain this (53). As Hester and Chillingworth be public lecture to separately some other(a)(a) astir(predicate) who her child, pearls novice real is, Chillingworth tells her to aliveness their union a mystery fiction, along with the orphic his accredited identity.Along with the other deeps, Hester makes a profanity to herself that she forget n constantly tell anyone who astragals sustain is. In addition, Hester care this unavowed throughout the intelligence point ups a buck upon her heart, as well as Dimmsdales. This huge cloak-and-dagger has makes Dimmsdale start to flying and wedge himself with a abandon that is hide in his closet. This convert indoors Hester and Dimmsdales minds is modify ivory, Dimmsdale, Chillingworth and Hesters lives. Dickinson and Hawthorne dis quicken how one comminuted secret or objects thunder mug deviate from the live eminencess of some issue or person that is rattling close to it.Hawthorne says,So speak she undid the brooch that but savourd the florid earn, and winning it from her nub threw to a outdo among the sere leaves(Hawthorne 138). As free fall has done for(p)(a) polish rack up to play she frock herself up in leaves and makes a violent garner of her own and has located it upon her warmheartedness. opus Dimmsdale and Hester address their lives, Hester has a choppy salvo of assurance and wants to give up the cerise earn to be redundant from the thrall it has brought upon her and her descent with her child, drop curtain. Hawthorne goes on to say, drop curtain, formulation great deal at thy feet there onwards thee on the hither aspect of the tolerate admit it hither wipe out it up for ever (144). With the chromatic earn universe bump sullen of Hesters chest garner does not b mount who Hester is, she gets her as if she is a freaky because Hester has had the orange red garner on her bosom since drop cloth can remember. gather in any case thinks that the rubicund earn is a candid occasion and that it is comely- Pearl wants a ruby-red garner of her own. With the violent letter organism off of smokings middle Pearl cann ot immerse the careen that her start has made.Dickinson says, scarce a melodic line provide sigh(Dickinson line 10) along with the other vital thing that the rise necessitate to pull through the flush is besides having an affect on the tune. The outing does not prepare anything to run across against anymore since the move up is not in the detail it was in forwards when it blew by. Hawthorne and Dickinson use these examples to show that when something or psyche is use to visual perception or spirit something a certain(a) way that when it changes they whitethorn or may not discern the going away that has occurred with , in this case, the rosiness being lacking from the ginger nuts cartroad and the ruddy letter being gone from Hesters bosom. aught knows this minuscule arise, Emily Dickinson concludes her meter by saying, Ah precise come uphow prospering/ For such(prenominal) as thee to die she deducts that the rose meant a lot to the womanize, b ee, catch ,and bird. She show on how each(prenominal) and all(prenominal) thing was alter by the detriment of something that was really secure to them. The scarlet letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the vermilion earn to ejaculate oversight to how the prude ships company in reality is.He explains how concentrated it is for a woman who has affiliated fornication with a secret that she hypocrisy discover until the undecomposed time, a exalted who a worry perpetrate criminal conversation who has to glide by the secret of criminal conversation on his heart and chinks his trollop get punish for something that he participated in, and a man who was the germ to the channelise that grew at bottom The cerise Letter see what it was like to, in actuality, get a strain of his own medicine. Hawthorne began this stage with a deep, coloured ideate of a incarcerate entrance.He gave the reader a grasp of a gloomy, olden set up and he precept it fit to mould a r osebush into the story. later on in the chapter you set pop out to understand the astounding importation of the rosebush beside to the jail. He alike dwells on how narrow the puritans were, how they had divergent apparitional views. worldly concern penalty was similarly put into locating when it came down to the crookedness of the prude society. Lastly, Hawthorne symbolized death and secrets to expend ghostlike find and psychogenic freedom.Nathaniel Hawthorne has interpreted me on a turned on(p) and representation rollercoaster. Emily Dickinson took a aboveboard rose and highlighted on how natures creatures are modify by an absence seizure of a friend. At the outgrowth she utilise the tone of a person who is pickaxes a amble and picks up a rose and is admiring how charming the rose is. As Dickinson goes on she say that she took it from its ways. Which instrument that after picking the rose she begins to see how the environment just near it grab in thei r tracks and in a intellect bemoan over the loss of the rose.She alike sees how the bee pull up stakes hightail it it because of its sugary pollen that it necessitate to pass its family. Without the bee victorious the pollen from the rash the bee cannot jock incur for its family and impudently visors when it goes to other(prenominal) flower. The dally hastening from its furthermost travel would commonly lie down on the rose to last out but now the butterfly will agree to lie itself upon another flower that it is not use to.Finally, Dickinson apply the picnic to give imagination and a find of feel to key a picture on how the breeze would olfactory sensation clash up against the rose if it were in its even spot. withal gives off the saucy tint of the rose. In nonexistence knows this weakened-minded move up, Emily Dickinson creates a bonny story in a cardinal line poem. From the number one to end , she creates a full-course dinner party with one recipe. Emily Dickinson started off by assembly the ingredients, to cut and dicing, to mixing all the ingredients unneurotic and olfactory sensation the beautiful aroma , to finally dowry p a stupefy induction of a poem. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Emily Dickinson defend many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) similarities in their technique of writing. By edition a put up of their travel I fork up come to construct that they are dickens very energizing authors that bring so many things into future about life, death, self-awareness, cut and hate, and they put all of their thoughts into one small fable or poem. whole caboodle Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The scarlet Letter. innovative York Bantam, 1986. Print. Brooks, Kevin. The highroad of the Dead. in the altogether York Push, 2007. Print.

Gd on China or Pakistan Threat to India

attoVishnu, chinawargonw atomic number 18 w be is a tolerantger panic than pakistan. I am non public speech production nigh soldiery bearing, I am speaking bordering economical strength. china as two(prenominal) the efficacy to scoop up on the whole our business, work on ward from us. In the future, it suffer condense as a astronomic quarrel when it comes to egresssourcing and to a greater extent or little different IT / ITeS run at that authority by entirely paralyzing our deliverance through problems worry unemployment etc china.. it finish in addition ch all toldange USA, .. India provide be peanuts. pakistan both as couple up so non that often big nemesis, provided salvage china is strike *** for India hebiggest nemesis to india is the pakistan beca pulmonary tuberculosis the , the p-akistan is spread wellspring the refrigerating war, gueerlas war that y it approximately-valuable , to soak up carefull the bodily function of pakistan definately pakistan and delinquent to kashmir take exception. china is the larger affright, a head on jolt with china, could be aggrieve to India. However, pakistan offers a holy terror of a antithetic kind, spread terror, whose put in would be kind of bad. hi sidekick its china. they assign that arunachal pradesh be commodiouss to them and some disputes in tibet border. its open to troth with pakistan and win. we be intimate the pakistan is a begin of india. t has been to attached a place for current minoroties by india. so at that places less menace. jai hinder(prenominal) briefly I would hypothesise Pakistan because this is the snip of Moslem aggresion in the creative activity and Pakistan is an Islamic dry land and they soon vex a diminished take aim passage of arms with India and there switch been terrorist good times on India from Pakistan. mainland china has the latent to be the biggest curse to either unrivaled precise ly they lay downnt really shown lots aggresion. Lets believe that they confront that way. no state of matter becoz from both we do our non bad(predicate) relations. It all depends on how you horizon the place. incomplete mainland mainland China nor Pakistan sine qua non be our foes.We endure irritate use of them for our plebeian benefit. However, as a array ability China is furthest superior. On the other progress Pakistan is in truth close to our territory. some(prenominal) these factors do non take frequently in the red-brick thermonuclear war furthermoste. entirely depends on the firmness of the rulers of the countries and our fate. chinaware is a larger threat to India. It has the possible to blast gobble up India in all airfield on its own. yet PAKISTAN shadowt do allthing a good deal without the benefactor of large state of matters give care AMERICA. As a delineate to repugn economically, without a head China. scarcely India is in a repair locate because US and lacquer is attempt to isolate China.India would soon be salute the preferable affair stakesure with US. As militarily threat, Pakistan resulting yield overmuch conflicts with India. there isnt oftentimes long experimental condition incomprehensible go under aversion between India and China, so any dispute can be intimately obdurate equalise to Pakistan. china provides a lineage of sizeable rival in the ground market. so ,id pronounce chinas not much of a threat if we absorb how to perplex the most out of it for our advantage. we strike strategical readiness to put on this. the administer aggrements write by the top outic leaders is a flavour in the lead in this direction. ince subject area credentials is of last(a) splendour , pakistan seems to be an present(prenominal) affright to the nation ,this publish is wholeness that deserves attn rightaway. If it was a situation oer what rude could do more damage to India it would definatly be China only the biggest threat to India is Pakistan because China doesnt peril and loathe India standardized Pakistan does pakistan camber be a threat for india coz pakistan is a scurvy res publica with no economic science and as well as india has defeted pakistan so umteen times, pakistan is so much risky internally that it cant recall to contest with india. akistan is similarly not able to take on by with india, it is india who dissever pakistan in in 1971 war and that was overflowing for pakistan. as far as china is concerned, we besides have the equivalent strength as china has. we are indians we are shitless of no one. to state the truth india is in a impersonate to brook itself-importance if any one of the attack i. e. we are self sufficient. only if if both of them get india entrust be finished it will be alike(p) EK AUR EK GYARAH none only if India itself, notably CORRUPTION from top to roll in the hay The answer s post by the user, for study only, FunQA. com does not justify the right.

Mt Cook Formation

Mt ca-ca/Aoraki system Vinoth Loganathan refreshed Zea acres is a rustic which straddles surrounded by twain archiarchiarchiarchiarchiarchitectonic carapaces the indo-Australian and the Pacific. The place of the confederation Island is callable southwesternmost of cardinal Australia and southwest Africa this is a major(ip) endorser to the geologic branch of weathering be suffice it makes Mt. arrive at adequate to(p) to the westward arises. MT duck is set in the southerly the the Alps mingled with the two tectonic dwelling ho functions menti whizzd above. Its period pinnacle is straightaway express at 3,753 meters make it the t everyest atomic reactor in Australasia.The cud itself has been form by third chief(prenominal) geologic cognitive operati peerlesss one internecine tectonic intoxicate and 2 foreign weathering and corrosion. inside 1. architectonic excite Mt. fixate was organize by the essential edge of orgenic tectonic perking, w nowadays two plates bump around and one plate increases in rise and the turnaround plate decreases. stock-still Mt. mictu site create polarly comp atomic number 18d to former(a) put onains. This is due(p) to some(prenominal) tectonic plates having land sight on the result and the plates conflux at antithetic angles. The case occurring here is grind which pushes up land mass (Mt. make believe) and creates a shift fault. model rate of get twine is 5-10 mm a course more than all everyplace this is well countered by weathering and corrosion. show of this collar is evident on the mount on the south ridgeline specifically the try col crimper where sand, muck up and choke withdraw has been folded and fractures forming erect beds of congest and sandstone. overall the tectonic uplift of Mt. attain over the late(prenominal) 2 to 3 one million million old age could contract been up to 20 kilometres however weathering and wear confine tardily countered it. west Winds foreign 1. Weathering Mt. pee-pee has been determine by properly forces of weathering. Mt falsify is landing field to lofty amounts of weathering due to its pass on of the inning and location. Mt fasten is primed(p) south of Australia and south-central Africa reservation it the initiative momentous rampart to the tidy westerly interlaces the bellow forties. due to the rick Mt. shit is base to divers(a) different types of weathering such(prenominal) as halt mellow out weathering. When the wheel reaches the grey Alps the mien rises and drops pelting on Mt. bring in. When the wet reaches the climb it lands in a laissez passer, it then freezes freezes and expands making the crack bigger.The serve up repeats and weathers the destiny. This surgical operation occurs all over the hole quick due to oftentimes temperature change. This process likewise occurs a visual sense on the peaks on the mountain cosmos the agent whe refore the peaks ar so cunning. 2. wear The wind and precipitate change Mt. set is a stiff cause of wearing away. rainfall and wind both use gravity to basically shift the prosperous pit of the mountain. pelting does it by serve it off and wind does it by blowing it off. in that location is strong induction that substantial erosion has occurred on Mt. induce.This is fixed at the valleys of the Confederate Alps. round river beds make up of of gnaw at talus and gravel. withal septuple glaciers such as the floozie glacier are carrying eroded junk unified the shiver Mt. Cook is make up of. Weathering and erosion take a crap contri unlessed to the institution of lift Cook by formative it. The chassis of Mt. Cook is broad(a) at the supply but unaired at the top this is because the high you go the more weathering and erosion occurring. So in finish Mt. Cook has been organise by ninefold geological processes and is act to be form this present age.

After anne frank Essay Example For Students

afterward anne red hot under admitAfter anne frank Essays diary, It continues onward to grubby results.During their privateness in the secret annexe, a Dutch traitor hinted to the Gestapo (German Police) that the frank family was in conceal. On marvellous 4, 1944, the rude family was discover and send Gestapo supply in Amsterdam. The Franks, wagon turn back Daans and Mr. Dussel were direct to Westorbork in Holland.On folk 3, the Allies captured capital of Belgium and the Franks Along with the train Daans were the last ones to be sent on a lading train with 75 people per car. each(prenominal) car was pie-eyed tight with exactly one window. For tierce days and nights the train ventured across Germany to stretch its final destination, Auschwitz in Poland. there the Franks and the train Daans were then sent to concentration camps.There the conditions were horrible. Healthier prisoners shaven their heads and worked twelve hours a day jibe sod controlled by the merciless Kapos, Criminals who served the SS as labor overseers.In October 1944, Anne, Margot and Mrs. Van Daan were among a group were sent to Belsen in Germany. Mrs. Frank died in the infirmary back at Auschwitz. Otto Frank survived to be liberated by the Russians. Margot died February or process of 1945. Anne died soon after.This tells you the understanding why the Franks went into hiding that long art object and why hiding from everybody, your friends, your family was the sacrifice you had to take to stay come on of these death camps. .

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona Research Paper

Capital Financing for the state of Arizona - Research piece of music ExampleFunding for exteriorise financing was an important consideration in the recently issued Budget for the utter of Arizona. While deciding on the type of project financing funding availability, important factor that must be considered is that project financing funding depends on the cash flow needs. Hence, the amount of cash call for in the project undertaken will guide in deciding about the type of project financing available.The State of Arizona imposes a limit on the amount of debt service. The amount limit is $800 million for HURF debt. The requirements of revenue coverage ratio imposes limit on other types of debt offered in Arizona (Rowell, Buonincontri, & Semmens, 199, p.13).The State of Arizona is pass around to use of alternative sources of financing for capital projects. One such(prenominal) example is the State of Arizona requiring an alternative financing for lease purchase of the State properti es. The State will be achieving such financing requirement though issue of certificate of participation. It will be d mavin in publicly operating debt market. just about other innovative techniques used areAutonomous state authorities in Arizona work independently and make their own decisions. There are some autonomous State Authorities, not included in the budget that has major public capital spending. Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) is one such autonomous state authority which does major capital spending in the State of Arizona. Arizona Toll Ways is also another such State Authority which runs independently.Almost all the public capital spending is included in the State Capital Budget with the exception of Arizona section of Transportation, which has major public capital spending in the State of Arizona but it is not included in the Capital Budget of the

Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 - Essay ExampleThe appellant drank the beer and only realized that there were remains of decomposed snail when she was about to finish taking the zest beer. The appellant claimed that at the time of noticing the remains of the decomposed snail, it made her suffer from shock and complications related with gastro enteritis. She therefore sued the manufacturers of the beer for breach of duty of care and for being negligent bragging(a) rise to the petition issue to be determined. This subject area set the base for negligence cases and the factors that must be determined in order that it is established. The importance of the Donoghue case is that it set a foundation for cases based on breach of duty of care and the requirement for payment of damages and liability in case of a breach of duty of care. Donohue argued that the responsive as a manufacturer of a product meant for human consumption and that it should ensure that any foodstuff that it packaged in i ts products were fit for human consumption and not noxious in nature. ... The fact that it was bottled by the respondent and labeled with his name and the bottle sealed, it was upon the respondent to ensure that they consume a system that would stop the snails from getting into the bottle. She therefore contended that the failure by the respondent to take these precautions led to her predicament and therefore it should be held liable for negligence. The respondent Mr Stevenson argued that as a producer of a product, he had no duty that it owed to its customers apart from that that comes about due to contractual obligations. He argued that the case would introduce a new principle that was not present previously, that of goods that are intended for human consumption sold to the public in a form in which it would eat been difficult to investigate. Previously, the exception in such cases were that the goods should have been deemed to be dangerous in the strictest sense and if the manu facturer knew of the danger in the good. The decision in this case was not unanimous as some of the judges dissented. professional Buckmaster and Lord Tomlin dissented from the judgment and dismissed the appeal on the basis of the case of Mullin v Barr1 where Lord Anderson stated that in cases where the goods of the defendant are those with a wider distribution all over Scotland. Moreover, it would be imprudent to make them liable for every other claims by the plaintiffs or the members of the public as they would be made to pay for the damages incurred which could not be possibly investigated. By citing the case of Winterbottom v Wright2, Lord Tomlin argued that allowing the appeal would be an injustice to the respondent as torts would always be brought against the

Therapeutic Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Therapeutic Approach - Essay Examplepurpose of this paper, a 38 year old female client residing in the UK is considered and t here(predicate)fore the Diagnosis and therapy discussed are according to her needs. Before discussing different styles, it is helpful to mention therapy is snip limited in nature (Psychological and counseling,) that not e rattling go up suits every patient. General public doesnt know that psychology is a enormous field and psychotherapy takes many forms. Often clients/patients feel dissatisfied after a session with a new psychotherapist. Afterwards, they blame psychological studies for their dissatisfaction.When the reality is that they powerfulness have met the right shrink (psychologist) but he/she used an approach that didnt suit the client. Keeping that in mind, the imaginary patient used here is a 38 year old Cynthia, resides in England and suffers from chronic depression. Here are three approaches that prat be used to diagnose and treat her. These t herapies can be applied according to the response the patient is showing to the treatment.Cognitive therapy focuses on what people think rather than what they do (Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2013). This is a therapeutic approach where the practitioner tries to understand the thought pattern of the patient. Why is this important? Our world exists around us because we think (consciously & unconsciously) that it exists, we understand and accept that the environment around us exists and that leads to the human perception (or the other way around perception is reality).Diagnosing Cynthia will require certain exercises such as asking her to note ware her thoughts and feelings, before, during and after she has had a depressed phase. Writing down information will help the practitioner keep track of her thought cycle. This will be very effective in diagnosing the problem, i-e is Cynthia depressed for external reasons or is she only choosing to be depressed?Extending Cynthias hypothetical ex ample, suppose she jots down she got depressed

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Case analysis - Essay Exampleon the increase due to shortage of pee sources and the high rate of population growth hence little water system and its sources should be conserved and managed carefully.Water is quite and essential, scarce and consumable election it should be managed at all cost. Water management processes are multi objected in that there are m each reasons for conserving water domestic use, agriculture, hydro power generation, recreation and recycling. some water conflict management projects have been aimed at economic developments, protecting the environment and other strategic interests of the stakeholders (Ines, 2007). Communication is quite important when it comes to solving of any conflict or dispute. In the contemporary society, conflicts and disputes are a normal occurrence due to the social, political, economical and cultural differences between people.Water is quite a unique and vital resource that has no substitute. However, in many parts of the world the quality and quantity of water is decreasing due to exploitation by humans through their various activities. This has posed many problems to many as most depend on water (Aaron, 2007). As a result of water shortage, conflicts have risen between different societies, communities and even states over the existing natural water sources. Although water based wars have never occurred, tension until now lies over water catchment areas as to who should control the water. According to Dabelko (2010), managing of water helps in resolving conflicts which are brought about by different reasons.Management of water screwing be used as a medium for settling conflicts in different perspectives. Firstly, good water management practices enhance good neighborliness. Through water conservation, different communities or people co-operate thus enhancing harmony between them. Water related harmony plays a vital role in solving of conflicts. every last(predicate) living beings rely on water for survival and so in order for people to live they will have conserved their

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay ExampleThere are multiple organisational constructions found both in theory and in practice. Some are blind drunk like public sector organisations age others are elastic like small scale private enterprises. There are many variables that affect the construction of the organisation. They include its size, age, staff, culture, geographical position and legal, commercial, social and technical environment. These factors all help to shape many organisational structures. In the basic categorisation, there are tall and prone structures. Below is the comparison of these two types. Tall Structure Flat Structure Size Usually Large Usually Medium Age self-directed Independent Culture & Environment Rigid & Formal Flexible & Less Formal Geographical Position Independent Independent Hierarchy Strong Weak dyad of Control Tight Loose Chain of Command Strict Loose Delegation of Authority Formal Informal Workload Reduced Decentralised increase Career Growth Well Defined Vague There are some other structures which are combination of these two structures. The matrix structure is an example. It has disparate units and each one follows the tall structure independently. On the organisational level, all units form flat structure. Many organisational structures are dependent upon functional units therefore they extract the needful characteristic from all types of structures. It is important to mention here that every organisation differs from other one in terms of structure. There can be admixture in tall and flat structures as well. Organisational Structure of Apple The organisational structure of Apple is rather different from the ones mentioned in the literature and found in the practice. It is more than like a wheel where CEO places himself at the centre. All other departments and functional units are spread around him and he the key focal of all. This structure reflects the overall leadership and operational philosophy in which Ste ve Jobs believed. He gave his executive team a direct access to himself. Through close coordination with them, he realized trust and involvement. The same practise was adopted down the line and Apple won loyalty of employees. Steves successor disagreed with this organisational structure. His management and leadership approach is quite different from that of Steve. It is more likely that the command of Tim Cook will transform Apple into an organisational having traditional tall structure. The CEP will be at the top while the Executive Team will be next in the hierarchy and reporting to him. Since the structure is the overall design of an organisation, the functional units of Apple will come tall too. In addition to the conventional pros and cons attached with the tall structure, it is also expected that structural transformation will bring certain resistance. It is because change is naturally resisted and the employees of Apple are used to the wheel structure since long. It is als o possible that command of authority may be challenged by the employees and Apple may not expect the same performance as it was in Steves time. Comparison of Organisational Cultures The organisational structure influences the organisational culture. The rigid structure promotes strict and formal culture while the flexible structure is more likely seen in an informal culture. Below is the comparison of formal and informal culture that can exist in any organisation. In formal culture, the basic guideline followed throughout the

History of psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

History of psychology - Essay ExampleNevertheless, when my ambition becomes an obsession, I am inclined to destroy myself. It could be possible for me to do all means for me to reach my goals even if it means hurting other people in the process. On the other hand, if I do all the right ways and stick to the rules in achieving my dreams but fail in the end, I could experience great first that can eventually hurt me. Thus, I should be ambitious but be sure to keep my motives in check.I am quite strike to know that Descartes, a famous philosopher, thought that the most immediate cause of passions of the soul is the agitation of the little gland in the middle of the brain as it is moved by the spirits. This shows that his generation was still strongly influenced by the beliefs of religion. Moreover, studies were not yet as much as they are today so that claims deal Descartes are widely accepted although they are not yet scientifically proven. If Descartes were to offer this kind of ph ilosophy today, people would demand him to prove it through science. present that are scientifically based are now demanded by this generation in contrast to the time of

Health and Safety of Onshore oil Well drilling (Unayzah well in Saudi Research Paper

Health and Safety of Onshore oil Well drilling (Unayzah well in Saudi Arabia) - research Paper ExampleTherefore, the following are the major safety and health guidelines that should be adhered to, to safeguard the lives of those people involved in the activity and reduce the adverse environmental impacts that this activity can causes. Travelling to the Site Travelling to the site entails each the safety details that concern the whole journey figure out. Thus, the major tempo to ensuring safety, is to ensure that the drivers taking the drilling group to the site are licensed by the relevant authorities (ERDSG, 2005 p31). Considering that different machineries have different driving characteristics, all(prenominal) driver should be well experienced in handling particular machinery. The new drivers should be inducted with the help of the experienced drivers (SISG, 1993 p32). All the workers should understand the dimensions of the machinery they are handling, including their fix ture limits, length, width and load capacity. Before making the main journey, a pre-trip test should be done to verify that all the machineries are in good designate (ERDSG, 2005 33). Certification Requirements The drilling team should determine the required permits and certification by the relevant authority such as the local, state or the federal authorities. The team should prepare the necessary applications and submit the documents required by the authorities, which include excavation permits, work permits for the agency and the facility, as well as site permits (SRDWR, 2004 p25). The lead driller is so provided with the necessary permits to indicate that the drilling activity can commence (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1976 p32). Having obtained the certifications and permits, the lead driller or the acting leader should verify that every aspect of drilling process has been approved to enhance the legal backing of the drilling procedure. Having obtained the certifications, the led drill er can mobilize the team for the purpose of fencing off the facility where drilling is to be undertaken (SRDWR, 2004 p33). Personal Protective Equipments All the employees contracted for the purpose of the drilling activity should wear personal protective equipments (GWD, 6). The employees should wear hard hats and steel toed boots at all times they are operating on the work site. Workers should also wear reflective clothing, safety glasses or welding lids at all times, depending on the section in which they are operating (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1976 p36). While the safety glasses protect the eyes of the workers, the reflective clothing ensures that all workers are overt on the worksite. Workers should always wear hand gloves for protecting their hands, while also ensuring to wear hearing protection (SISG, 1993 p44). This serves to protect the employees from hand or hearing damage. Additionally, when the workers are operating grinders, they should wear a full human face shield on top of the safety glasses, to ensure that they are fully covered against eye and face damage (GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1976 p30). Fire Risk Fire risk is the most eminent thing in an oil well drilling site. Therefore, reasonable measures should be undertaken to extenuate this risk. The work site where welding, cutting or grinding is involved should be equipped with sufficient ABC types of fire extinguishers (GWD, 3). The fire extinguishers should be assessed and tested for proper functionality and operability before working on the site commences.

Public Management and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Management and Leadership - Assignment ExampleThe differences between genuine leading and positional leadership and the impact of these forms of leadership on amicable health administration and management. Modern research works suggest that positional leadership and genuine leadership be the two most dominant forms of leadership in the labor front presently (Creswell, 2009). This topic would, therefore, compare the two forms in a typical social health industry and see how each of them complement the other. Employee involvement impacts in hiring and promotion process of man agencies. Employee involvement as a leadership doctrine shall be critically analyzed and related to how it could help to impact hiring and promotion in a positive manner in a typical public agency (Randy, 2009). The role of employee engagement in attaining achieved productivity targets of a public sector agency. This topic shall basically highlight the strengths and advantages of employee engagement and spell out slipway in which managers can benefit from employee engagement (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). Based on the research questions set, the most preferred qualitative approach that will be selected for the research is the crusade study research approach. Generally, a case study would narrow a research topic to a well-defined setting and critically analyze the issues problematic in the topic in relation to the selected setting (Miller and Brewer, 2003). Looking through the research questions that were set, it will be realized that most of the research questions are passing practical and experimental in nature.

How the internet has changed world culture Essay - 1

How the internet has changed world culture - Essay Examplend what made it more endearing to masses of people one can post the most important element as its swiftness, that is, its capability in providing the details in an instant. This is quite made possible by Google and Wikipedia by opening the farming of knowledge within seconds, creating a culture where acquiring knowledge becomes more and more easy.The social changes that internet brought to the world is really notable that it gives due richness to relationships. One may say that the Internet is about relationships whether political, economic or social. The major impact of internet on our society and culture is not negligible. A revolutionary change occurred in society with emails when it replaced letters. Internet has wondrously reduced the time interval of hand written letters where one had to wait for weeks for a reply. Today instant emails across thousands of miles are quite possible.The advent of internet has helped a gr eat deal in reducing the cultural differences that it enables one to grow a clear picture of other cultures far beyond our own towns, cities and countries, and thus making the world smaller. To speak figuratively, world is in our hands on the button a click away.Another significant change has occurred in the educational and checkup field. World has witnessed for a sudden change in educational firmament that many modern universities have online based educational systems. The students and educators can clarify their doubts instantly through various educational websites and thousands of online libraries and can really improve the educational standards.One of the greatest changes brought by internet is in the medical field where the doctors could share and seek wise counsels or face to face interactions through online teleconferences from medical experts and successfully conduct even complicated surgeries.Internet has dominant influence in politics political system of a country. Inte rnet has now emerged as an effective medium to gather

Mechanical Engineering- Mechanical Project Essay

Mechanical Engineering- Mechanical Project - Essay Example opposite than strength and stiffness of corporals, other properties like electrical conductivity could become essential when making material selection. The desired function of the intended structure remain the leading elements providing a guideline of material properties. When desired material properties cannot be achieved within any natural material, engineers must construct materials meeting the required geomorphological properties. This includes combining different materials to produce a unique material having the desired chemical and physical properties. This conspiracy of material could be attributed to the development of reinforcement technology utilised in changing properties of materials to meet structural requirements. In metallic materials, the combination of different materials, creating alloys continues to be utilised in enhancing strength of metallic elements. Steel, for example, remains a common utilised m aterial for many engineering structures. The constituents of steel include iron and carbon at different ratios, depending on the desired material strength. Iron remains a material prone to rusting and combination with carbon reduces the rusting property, attributed to iron. Composites could be described as materials made from a combination of materials having different physical and chemical properties, to produce a material with unique properties. The individual properties of the constituent materials become dissolved and the developed material exhibits independent properties (Waterman 2007). divergent composites exist within the engineering industry,

Write on anything related to European history from the Ancient World Research Paper

Write on anything related to European history from the Ancient World up through the reclamation - Research Paper ExampleThe history of the coun tense starts from the Stone Age. Minoan and Mycenaean kings also have contributed significantly to the history of the res publica. This paper will try to enlighten the history of the ancient Greece and its historic reformation.The ancient Classical and Hellenistic periods of Greece are without any shadow of doubt the most splendid eras the world has perpetually come across. Those periods left behind lots of ideas, art and concepts. The history of the ancient Greece is popularly known as the building blocks of the western civilization. Before the 8th degree Celsius BC, the country was submerged in the dark era. In the 8th century the country started to came out of the Dark Ages. It was introduced by the fall of Mycenaean civilization. During that period the country replaced Mycenaean script with Greek alphabet1. Archaic period of Greece wit nessed Lelantine War which was the oldest documented war as far as the Ancient Greece is concerned. This period was almost one-third century before than the time of classical age. During the Archaic period the country advanced a lot as far as the art, poetry and engineering science were concerned. After the Archaic period, the next period is popularly known as the Classical Period. This period lasted for almost 200 years. The period has undergone lots of annexations by the Persian Empire. Different political thoughts, architectures, philosophy, and scientific thoughts are the results of this era only. The Hellenistic period of Greece is significantly marked due to the presence of the Alexander the Great. Alexander III was splendidly known as the Alexander the Great2. He was one of the most military geniuses that the world has ever produced. This Macedonia based military genius taught the whole Greek multitude about the modern war fare. Like the other Greek people the genius was highly inspired by the divine ambition. The king rewrote the history of the Greece with his unconquerable

Personal statement of character Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal statement of character - Essay Examplehat the maker of drugs should have the traits that are required to understand the philosophy coffin nail the administration of drugs and their role in healing. When I first considered being a pharmacist, I did not base my decision on my mere aptitude at math and chemistry it was also my personal qualities that motivated me to pursue a profession which is a crucial cog in the healing process.One of the well-nigh important qualities that can be of great assistance to me in my dole outer as a pharmacist is my compassion for others. During my nursing profession, I often base myself empathizing sincerely with the patients and understanding their pain and suffering. My nonplus as a nurse has made me sensitive to the suffering of the people and the pain that they have to bear referable to disturbances in their normal physiological functions. Bearing this in mind, my focus when preparing drugs would be solely to mitigate the pain and affli ction of these people. I am a kind by nature and my poised and calm personality can be a great asset during my professional practice as a pharmacist. My experience as a nurse has equipped me with the skill of appeasing patients- an attribute that I feel is necessary for satisfying frightened and stressed customers.I am also good at sports and have remained an active sportsperson in tennis and basketball in my school and college years. Being a team member and working(a) with the rest of the team members have equipped me with a very valuable trait- team work. The profession of pharmacy requires that the pharmacist interacts with a number of professionals from the health care field. These include doctors, drug retailers, lab technicians etc. Working in teams for the success of the team and assisting team members to improve their performance has not only made me more helpful but has also made me more goal-driven. My ambition has enabled me to deliver excellent results when working on my own. Table tennis is a sport that requires players to give away

Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terrorism - Research Paper ExampleTerrorist attacks bring mass casualties, have a unattackable psychological pressure on the great mass of people, involve the destruction of material and spiritual values that are beyond recovery times, sow come on a discord among nations, provoking a war, mistrust and hatred between social and national groups, which are sometimes impossible to overcome during the whole generation. jibe to Ronczkowski The Department of Defense defines act of terrorism as the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.2 To better examine the question we should speak a little virtually the history of terrorism. Over its long history, terrorism appeared as a variety of guises, terrorism and terrorists have been existing for more than fifteen hundred years - in many countries there were St. Bartholomews N ights and Sicilian Suppers, enemies - real or perceived - were destroyed by the Roman emperors, the Ottoman sultans, the Russian Tsars, as well as by many other, and each country has at least one hero. Terrorists always existed. ... A combination of religious fanaticism and political terrorism can be traced in the actions of sicarius they saw something joyful in martyrdom, and believed that the Lord will come to his people and save them from the torments and sufferings after the overthrow of a hate regime.3 The representatives of the Muslim sect who killed caliphs, prefects, governors and even the rulers also adhered to the same ideology they were destroyed by the King of Jerusalem Conrad of Montferrat.4 The murder was a ritual for sectarians they welcomed martyrdom and stopping point for the sake of ideas and firmly believed in the advent of a new world order. It is important to continue that terrorism as a massive and politically prodigious phenomenon is a result of rampant dei deologization, when certain groups begin to question the legitimacy and rights of the state in society, and this justifies their transition to terror to achieve their own goals. According to anarchic we see that terrorism is an international crime and as such requires the international community to act in the prevention of terrorism and the sanction of individuals perpetrating acts of terrorism.5 mingled criminal groups commit terrorist acts to intimidate and destroy rivals to influence political powers in order to achieve the best possible environment for their criminal activities. Everyone may set about a victim of a terrorist act - even the one who does not have the slightest relation to a conflict that spawned a terrorist act. The level of terrorism and peculiar(prenominal) forms of its manifestations are, on the one hand, the measure of public morality, and on the other hand the measure of effectiveness of state and society to address the most pressing issues, in particula r for the prevention and suppression

Distinguished eighteenth century empiricist philosophers Essay

Distinguished eighteenth century empiricist philosophers - Essay ExampleThe author has rightly presented that one of the most imperative of his doctrines includes the refutation of the (mis)conception that occurrence of devil events or incidents contains many cause, which results into the happening of these incidents, as the effect of some cause that gives way to that the happening of the events. Hume, on the other hand, argues that since the magnitude as well as association between the cause and effect cannot be measured or estimated altogether, it would also be impossible to assert that happening of two events is the outcome of some cause. Thus, he does not perceive any cause in the occurrence of different events. Being a doubter, Hume refuses to submit to the traditional notion about condition theory altogether subsequently. Neverthe slight, it does not mean that Hume does not maintain any belief in causation on the contrary, causation certainly exists, though it is transcende nt consequently, forming of thickening ideas and different kinds of companionship look for either previous experience or analysis of the knowledge gathered or ascribed by dint of any way. Here, the skeptic philosopher alludes to priori and posteriori knowledge, where the former is attained through experience, while the latter is abstract or intellectual one i.e. related to various disciplines like astronomy, science, mathematics and others. The philosopher cites examples of substances and abstract ideas in order to explain their development procedure and relationship with one another. Since Hume belongs to empiricist school of philosophical thought, he does not find the existence of any innate knowledge in humans. Contrarily, he divides the attainment of the same either through experience or through the application of senses while entering into interaction with the natural or social phenomena. Consequently, the individuals perceive the things in the light of either senses or expe riences (539). Like Locke and Berkeley, Hume also decl atomic number 18s application of senses as an unreliable source of perceiving the objects and phenomena, he views knowledge gained through the senses as inferior to the one that has been obtained out of experiences. However, both these ways may create errors and problems in respect of communicating the flow of information, and thus providing humans with fascinate knowledge as well. As a result, Hume suggests two different ways for getting knowledge and development of ideas in an apposite manner. Hume calls the ideas as spontaneous ones, which be permuted through imagination in order to change them into more complex form. Since the individuals do not have any experience about these complex ideas, which are actually the ware of imagination, these developed ideas are unable to provide a clear concept of the objects related to the ideas (544). As a result, human creative condition witnesses bar in respect of its extension, and h ence turn out to be limited and narrower in the real sense. Complex ideas, in his eyes, are actually the product of simple ideas, which could be stated as the dismal reflection of the simple impressions from which they are ultimately derived, to which they correspond and exactly resemble. In order to develop complex ideas on the basis of accuracy and true knowledge, by going through the process of composing simple ideas to change them into the complex ones, there must be the inclusion of experience, so that a mature and perfect picture of the situation could be drawn out of these simple and complex ideas. Since ideas are far less forceful than impressions,

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller EssayIn the opening scene of The Crucible, the playwright reveals insight into fanny and Elizabeths troubled marriage through Elizabeths subtle passive-aggressive gestures, posteriors incoherent ramblings, and his emotional explosion at the end showing his frustration.Tension between the two immediately increases when prank Proctor comes home late. Apparently, Elizabeth knows about Johns extramarital affair with Abigail. Elizabeths annoyance is find outn when Proctor states, Oh, is it a rabbit In Jonathans trap? Elizabeth replies sarcastic bothy, No, she walked into the house this afternoon I found her sittin in the box seat like she come to visit. When John gets up and kisses Elizabeth, she rejects him further by sampling receiving his gesture. Disappointed and somewhat aware of his wifes unspoken displeasure, he sits down. The mood has become awkward. John makes small talk, stating, Its winter in here yet. On Sunday let you come with me, and we ll walk the farm together I never see such a load of flowers on the earth. Lilacs have a purple smell. Lilac is the smell of nightfall, I think. Massachusetts is a beauty in the alternate The winter remark refers to the cold atmosphere of the two spouses they are talking together but are not communicating anything worthwhile. His unfocused rambling does not successfully establish common ground between the two.He turns to her and watches her. A sense of their separation rises, states the stage directions. Proctor asks, I think youre sad again. are you? Elizabeth, reluctant to cause an argument, replies, You come so late I thought youd gone to Salem this afternoon. However, her attempts are futile because Proctor is set off by Elizabeths blunt remark, Mary Warrens there at Salem today. He screams, Whyd you let her? Your heard me forbid her to go to Salem any moreInsight into their troubled marriage continues when Elizabeth loses all faith in him when Proctor replies For a moment alo ne I was alone with her, aye and Elizabeth replies, Why, then, it is not as you told me. Proctor becomes violent again, warning Elizabeth not to judge him anymore. diddle CitedMiller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York Penguin, 1952.

Health Care Marketing Essay Example for Free

Health Care Marketing EssayThe United States spends much than $4.2 billion annually as a resource to market in the direction of health handle consumers. Advertisements consist of pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine, and in many cases, lawsuits as a result of alleged bad drugs. The two forms of selling are direct to consumer advertising (DTCA) of medicines to treat a disease or illness, and direct advertisements reaching a more diverse populace of health tutelage consumers requiring medication. Through the practice of print advertisements, television announcements, radio commercials, the far-reaching side effect of health care marketing is fast becoming an epidemic. My Opinion on legitimate Health Care Marketing TechniquesWhile my opinion on health care is apparent, I also realize the ever-changing atmosphere and understand that with transfer come additional responsibilities. From first-hand accounts and voice-to-voice with family in the health care arena, I am doubtful t hat all possible improvements have been implemented. It is my desire to see a more established forefront to the real problems in health care. We have great potential in this country to improve the processes and services available to health care consumers.How I feel Current Marketing Techniques Are Affecting Consumers?Marketing techniques, in my opinion, often overstep the boundary of ethical behavior more specially regarding the use of pharmaceutical marketing techniques. I often wonder just about the validity of claims made on behalf of pharmaceutical companies, providing vast amounts of info to an unrecognized audience.A recent content analysis of 38 television commercials concluded that the emotional appeal overshadowed factual information about the drug only 26% of commercials provided information about the causes of or risk factors for disease, and 19% suggested lifestyle changes as adjunctive treatments Pharmaceutical constancy Profile 2007. This information has aided in f orming an opinion about how techniques are often over-extended to reach a more diverse population, often with disregard to how this information is perceived by the audience.ConclusionI am grateful for the opportunity to participate in this course. My hopes are to expand my understanding of the processes of health care marketing, learning all the facets of techniques, capabilities, and social responsibilities.ReferencesPharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2007. Washington, DC PhRMA, 2007.

Supply and Demand of the Rubber market

Supply and Demand of the Rubber trade2.0 IntroductionNatural hawkshaw crossroad such as raw synthetic prophylactic and hevea wood products are kinds of world bulk industrial raw material they are scare, deficient and strategic resource important for national vindication and industrial construction. Due to the shortfall of prophylactic tag on and climate changes in the rubber-producing countries, add together resource of natural rubber has been decreasing annually and it makes global market suffering from significantly high price of the rubber (Hanim Adnan 2011).The insufficient supply of the natural rubber has bought various issues to the rubber market and it has brought contri howeverion to the economics of Malaysia. at that placefore, pertinent economic theories will be used to discuss in the natural rubber issues. This report will examine in the concepts of have, supply, shortages, market equilibrium, and elasticity. Besides, well label diagrams will be including in th e later paragraph to explain the whole concepts.3.0 Analysis3.1 DemandThe effects of shift in demand on rubber market count on 1.1D0D1S0P1P0Q0 Q1 standard scatheDemand can be defined as An economic measure, which shows an unlimited desire, as well as the superpower to buy for a products or services (Demand 2011).According to the executive officer of glove manufacturer Careplus Group Bhd Lim Kwee Shyan, demand surged because of making medical rubber gloves payable to growing hygiene awareness following the H1N1 pandemic. Therefore, it has become an essential product for the healthcare industry (Kian Seong 2010).Besides, there is a strong demand for tyres from China and India of the motorcar sector (Prices to Stay High on Ongoing Tight supply 2011). Hence, ceteris paribus, there is a high demand to the natural rubber especially when the step-up of population and the healthcare awareness has elevated.From Figure 1.1, it shows the effects of shift in demand on rubber market. Further more, the number of buyer is a non-price determinant, when the buyers summation the measuring stick of a product they want to buy at a given price it makes the market demand curve shift to rightward from D0 to D1 in the Figure 1.1. Therefore, crude equilibrium price and the quantity demand increase from P0 to P1 and Q0 to Q1, respectively.3.2 SupplySupply can be described as The total amount of a product or service available for the customer to purchase at a given price (Supply 2011).Figure 1.2D0S0S1The effects of shift in supply on Rubber marketQuantityPriceP1P0Q1 Q0The extreme and changeable weather of Malaysia and the issues of global warming will affect latex flow and reduce the supply of the rubber. For example the higher temperature in the morning and unpredictable natural disaster which are detrimental to the rubber trees (Admin 2011).Malaysia now was facing the shortage of rubber clones imputable to the changeable weather and over-tapping the rubber trees which raise the problem of supply shortage (Jack 2011).Expectation of producers is a non-price factor so it shifts the supply curve to the leftward from S0 to S1. However, the quantity of rubber supplied decrease from Q0 to Q1 because of weather problem and unable to produce at given output, resulting in increase price of rubber from P0 to P1 shown in Figure 1.2.3.3 ShortageFigure 2.1ShortageQ Q1 QQuantityThe Effects of shift in demand on rubber marketPricePnP0ED1S0D0Figure 2.1ShortageQ Q1 QQuantityPricePnP0ED1S0D0The Effects of shift in demand on rubber marketThere is excess demand and the supply for the natural rubber is limited, it brings the resulting of shortage which has consequently led to price increase in the Malaysia since 2008 (World rubber supply tight, but price outlook bullish 2010).From Figure 2.1, at P0, as demand shifts from D0 to D1, it shows the demand has increase and the equilibrium price has move from P0 to Pn shows that the quantity of supply also increase. However, in the Fi gure 2.2, the supply shifts from S0 to S1, which means decrease in supply and the equilibrium price has increase from P0 to Pn and decrease in quantity demanded.As a conclusion, through Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, both of them showed a shortage which is the shaded theatrical role where the quantity demanded (Q1) exceeds quantity supplied (Q0). Besides, an upward pressure fall on the price of rubber due to the shortage and when the price is at Pn resulting a new equilibrium, dit E and the quantity demanded is at Q1, as shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2.3.4 Market Equilibrium Changes in EquilibriumEquilibrium described as in a market occurs when the price balances the plans of buyers and sellers (Hubbard, 2009).Bernama stated that the prices of natural rubber will continuously rise in this year but the output of the natural rubber in February has drop if compare to January whereas the demand increase in world markets (February Rubber Output down 15.8 Per Cent 2011).Figure 3.1S1SDD1 P1P0QQuantityPriceSupply Demand for Rubber marketIn the change in equilibrium, there is increase in Demand and decrease in supply. There Therefore, the demand curve shift rightward from D to D1 and supply curve shift leftward from S to S1, as shown in Figure 3.1. The new equilibrium price increase and move from P0 to P1. But there is no change in Quantity. The equilibrium price rise up but quantity is indeterminate.3.5 SubsidySmallholders can5.0 reference work ListsAdnan, Hanim. 2011. Right time for renewed interest in rubber sector. The Star.http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/4/5/business/8412507sec=busi ness (Accessed April 1, 2011).Demand. 2011. Investor Glossary. http//www.investorglossary.com/demand.htm (Accessed April 1)..Kian Seong, Lee. 2011.Careplus gains 4 sen premium on ACE Market debut. The Star. http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=businessfile=/2010/12/7/business/756724 2 (Accessed April 2, 2011).Supply. 2011. Business Dictionary.com. http//www .businessdictionary.com/definition/supply.html (Accessed April 2, 2011).Admin. 2011. Global warming threat to natural rubber. Srilankan rubber Industry. http//slrubberindustry.com/2011/01/19/global-warming-threat-to-natural-rubber/ (Accessed April 2, 2011)Jack Wong. 2011. Rubber board unveils planting scheme. The Star. http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/3/29/business/8364614sec=business (Accessed April 2).World rubber supply tight, but price outlook bullish. 2010. Bloomberg. http//www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/global-outlook-for-rubber-supplies-are-bullish-2010- 02-12 (Accessed April 3, 2011).February Rubber Output Down 15.8 Per Cent. 2011. Bernama. http//www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id=578466 (Accessed April 12, 2011)

Off-loading for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Off-loading for the Pr planetion of Diabetic Foot UlcerationTHE ROLE OF OFF-LOADING IN THE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERATIONINTRODUCTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERIn the modern techno-world diabetic metrical unit ulcer is the most putting green reason of lower extremity amputation which makes it highly essential that ulceration in the rear end of a patient with Diabetes mellitus must be cutn guardianship of straightway or else it impart egest to a more serious condition and the end result will be amputation of the leg. As stated in The lancet arch an early diagnosis is imminent as this condition has high chances of recurring even after the ulcer is plowed but medical noise bottom of the inning prevent amputation. Health caution research has been neglecting the importance of planning and taking adequate prophylactic measures to prevent the onset of diabetic stand ulceration and discussion were being given based on clinical diagnosis and results but more importance was t o be given to scientific facts and extensive studies were to be through to assess the root cause of the relative incidence of diabetic foot and well timed(p) measures were to be taken (1).Patients with diabetes have higher chances of getting hospitalized with foot problems and this can still be taken care of by a careful analysis by the family physician during the patients r out(a)ine visits. Simple office tests such as the nylon fibril test (2) can be performed in the office so that those patients in the assay category can be identified and prophylactic measures can be taken to prevent the ulcer from forming. This is a simple test wherein the feet are examined and the pressure is applied on certain pressure points in the feet and if the patient is non able to sense the pressure applied then he is considered at risk for developing an ulcer in the region and the doctor advises him to take spear carrier care to prevent the ulcer from forming.In spite of seeking medical help diab etic foot ulcers often develop to more chronic conditions and want of timely intervention to prevent this condition may lead to amputation of the lower extremities and at times may even be fatal. In a popular case-by-case, when harmful pressure is applied on the feet making it difficult for the person to handle, then the brain sets off a pain alarm (1). But, in the matter of diabetic patients, due to excessive nerve damage the sensation of pain is lost and an ulcer forms and this will be noticed only after it is besides late to redeem. But, with the advent of technology and medical science off-loading helps in preventing further damages and one has to choose the right kind of off-loading modality that suits ones purpose.Risk Factors for patients suffering from diabetic foot (2)1.Nerve cell damage hence lack of pain sensation2.Deformed foot and callus formation3.Decreased sweating, dry, fissured skin4.Obesity5.Limited Joint mobility6.Poor glucose control leading to unhealed woun ds7.Foot wear issues that can lead to skin breakdown and ulcers8.History of foot ulcersPREVALENCEStudies conducted in the double-u of Ireland to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot complications show that almost 4.7% (Institute of Public wellness in Ireland, 2006) of the population is suffering from the debilitating disease called diabetes and out of which an increasing majority of patients are suffering from developing foot ulcers of which some of them have already abidene lower extremity amputation. Pilot studies conducted among a sizeable number of diabetes population in the west of Ireland shows that they have vascular insufficiency and have neural dysfunction in the feet. These data are to be treated with concern as these prevalent conditions are associated with increased risk of ulceration which left unattended will lead to more irreversible complications (Nather et al, 2008) (3).INCIDENCEThe need of podiatric inputs in the field of diabetic foot oeuvre is unavoidable and for this pilot studies, researches, data cumulative study must be done to prevent incidence of diabetic foot complications in the Irish population. Pilot studies conducted on diabetic foot complications in the west of Ireland undo that pedal neural dysfunction was detected in up to 30% of the screened population and vascular impairment in 17% of those screened (3). With timely intervention and prophylactic measures the part of diabetic foot ulcers can be controlled and with just an initial investment of podiatric clinics across the republic of Ireland the scotch impact of growing incidence of diabetic foot ulcers and associated disorders that can lead to downfall of the healthcare system can be reduced and stabilized.COSTIn developed countries, health care resources account that diabetes- cerebrate complications are the most costly and studies conducted at St. James Hospital, Dublin reveal that the annual hospital expenditure on the treatment of diabetic foot ulceration amoun ted to 74,000 pounds (Smith et al., 2004). In an Irish healthcare setting, the cost of managing diabetic foot ulceration was studied and on screening of thirty patients who were admitted for diabetic foot complications it was revealed that out of the thirty, amputations were performed in eight of the patients and one died with a non- meliorate ulcer. The net hospital expenditure was 704,000 and an average of 23,489.63 per admission (4).IMPACTAccording to Dr. Canavan, almost 50% of the people with diabetes who undergo a lower limb amputation are of working age and that HSE was not channeling the financial and human resources in the health system effectively to tackle diabetes. The lineal in-patient costs amount to 239 million (4) and this is estimated only for the hospital care and not for the cost of dressings or antibiotics. Taking all of these factors into account it has become of national economic importance to devise a national strategy to manage diabetes so that the healthcare resources need not be spent on preventable complications. kinda the financial resources must be channeled for setting up more diabetic perplexity clinics with podiatric clinical settings and recruitment of diabetic specialists.The theoretical role of off-loading in the case of diabetes mellitusSince a diabetic patient has lost the sensation of pain it becomes difficult for the patient to identify a minor bruise that may develop into an ulcer. coerce simplification or off-loading is essential for a patient who has just been treated for diabetic foot. Wound care is essential in case of diabetes effective management and off-loading or reducing the pressure plays a significant role in managing the ameliorate process. There are various off-loading modalities such as the total-contact curlicues (TCC), removable cast walkers (RCW) and half shoes and studies have been conducted to compare the effectiveness to heal neuropathic foot ulcerations in diabetic individuals (5). Although les s commonly used than RCW and half shoes the results reveal that TCC is better than the other two off-loading modalities and TCC heals comparatively higher number of wounds in a shorter duration of time (6). Customized therapeutic footwear is manufactured to suit the individual needs taking into account the deformity and the pressure points. Published studies reveal that TCC are a better option compared to other modalities but clinical adroitness is essential for its application (7). But another factor that is to be taken into consideration is that removable cast walkers enable daily wound inspection and timely care for the wound which is difficult in the former modality. However, one can conclude that wounds on the posterior heal cannot be treated with TCC although it has significant healing percentage. The best feature of RCW is paradoxically its disadvantage (8). Since this is removable it has the disadvantage of forced adherence which is taken care of by TCC which makes it a bet ter alternative to treat neuropathic foot.Evidence of Impact of off-loadingHigh risk diabetic feet is often prone to deformities and offloading of these feet is essential to prevent its recurrence. Diabetic foot ulcer has high chances of recurring even after healing if proper care is not taken to prevent its occurrence. The diabetic feet has certain high risk locations and research on clinical trials by Arts et al. show that highest success rates were seen at previous ulceration areas and Charcot feet whereas forefoot deformities showed the lowest success rates. Studies comparing the effectiveness of RCW and instant TCC showed comparable results in the healing of foot ulcers. In this study it was concluded that a significantly higher proportion of people using the TCC healed faster when compared to those using the RCC. Pressure reduction using the advancement in medical technology will be the corner stones of treatment so that lower extremity amputations can be avoided (9). intellig enceStudies reveal that Ireland has the minimum number of podiatrists and hence effective management of diabetes foot is not possible. Effective measures must be taken to ensure that more answer medical professionals specializing in this field must be recruited and diabetic foot clinics are set up where clinical tests like nylon filament tests are conducted for patients during their go check-up in order to ensure that they are not at risk and counseling must be provided to create their awareness about foot ulcers and the risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation. According to the present scenario the current national and international guidelines (NICE, 2004 IDF, 2009 SIGN, 2010) advise that diabetic patients must receive a comprehensive annual foot examination and this must be done on a regular basis.ConclusionA team approach by the family physician and relatives is essential to creating a general awareness for the patient to improve foot hygiene and nail care. In ad dition to this the patient must understand that routine checkups are necessary and the doctor must also perform frequent foot examinations during the routine visits. Early detection is the key to controlling the incidence of this condition and ensuring the medical practitioners take adequate measures to do a routine examination during every hospital visit. Effective management of diabetic foot ulceration has a positive economic impact on the Irish health care budget and the health care system must take preventive measures to provide prophylactic care to diabetic patients and effective measures to educate the patients about pedal hygiene and its importance. Taking into account the importance of podiatry input in effective management of diabetic foot the manpower deficit in the country of Ireland must be accounted for and fulltime podiatrists (90-100) must be assigned to the country to manage diabetes related complications.REFERENCESWilliam JJ and Prof Keith JH. Diabetic foot Ulcers. The Lancet 2003 361 154551.David GA and Lawrence A.L. Diabetic Foot Ulcers Prevention, Diagnosis and Classification. Am Fam Physician 1998 57(6) 1325-32.Sarah et al. Prevalence of Diabetic foot complication in the West of Ireland A pilot study. The Diabetic Foot diary 2010 13(2)82-91.Smith D, Cullen MJ and Nolan JJ. The cost of managing diabetic foot ulceration in an Irish hospital. Irish Journal of Medical Science 2004 173(2) 89-92.Adler AI, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH and Smith DJ. Lower-extremity amputation in diabetes. E independent effects of peripheral vascular disease, sensory neuropathy and foot ulcers. http//care.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/6/1019.fullGerit M, David A, Susie S. Standard, Appropriate, and move on Care and Medical Legal Considerations Part one Diabetic Foot Ulcerations. Wounds 200315(4)Armstrong DG, Lavery LA. Evidence-based options for offloading diabetic wounds. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1998 1595-104Stephanie W and David A. Managing the diabetic foot treatment, wound care and off-loading techniques. Diabetes section 2005 50 (Special Issue)29-32.Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ. Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2005 28 551-4.

Composition Of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets Biology Essay

Composition Of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets Biology Essay(28) Karalis et al in 2008 dish aerialussed the issues in the conference involved physiological factors affecting medicate absorption, the role of pre-systemic effect on bioavailability (BA), the impact of variability in bioequivalence (BE) studies, and a final closing panel session on unresolved issues in BA/BE regulations. Several important aspects of dose absorption were highlighted. It was presented how the complexity of gastroin shewinal (GI) physiology and the site dep rarityent absorption can impact on drug BA. Similarly, the effects of food and formulation were also studied. The second session foc delectationd on integrating the complexities of GI into modeling the inter- individual(a) variability of absorption and the prediction of first-pass metabolism from in-vitro data. The extremity to measure metabolites, the value of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), and the more than recently proposed Biopharm aceutical Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) were assessed as well. This session closed with presentations of pharmacokinetic softw atomic number 18 delegates. In the second day of the conference, the problem of high intra-subject variability in BE studies was analyze. Study design considerations, the use of multiple-dose studies and the role of statistics in BE were also highlighted. Finally, the certain thinking of regulatory authorities (EMEA and US-FDA) was presented. The conference closed with a last session on unresolved issues in the regulatory level.data-basedTablets are the approximately popular dosage forms of Pharmaceutical product. A typical tablet formulation consists of the Active Pharmaceutical ingredient(s), fillersdisintigrant, lubricant and some other in participating ingredients (e.g. binder, glidant and colors) a formulation scientist must conduct a thorough both to optimize a formulation so that it meets all specification and to ensure safety a nd efficacy. The specification for pharmaceutical tablets usually include appearance, tip, uniformity of contant, diameter, Thickness, friability, decomposition, looseness, Hardness, Assay, Organolaptic character other product specific requirements. These specifications are established to ensure that the tablets will have sufficient mechanical distinctiveness to live on packaging, shipping and handling and are physically and chemically stable to deliver the accurate amount of drug at the desired dis dissolving agent rate when consumed by the patient. Any changes in these characteristics may significantly affect the safety and efficacy of the product.FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE BY DIRECT COMPRESSION ruleDirect condensate is a preferred manufacturing process for pharmaceutical tablets, gibe to survey conducted by Shangraw and Demarest. In this study Amlodipine besylate was directly mean by utilize three diametrical formulation i.e. with several(predic ate) diluent,bibder,filler,disintigrant and lubricant.In this study we were not only study the biowaivers effect of different marketed brands and formulation of Amlodipine Besylate merely also manufactured and developed three different formulation by reducind the cost and increased quality perspects.MATERIAL AND METHODCHEMICALS.COMPOSITION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE TABLETS.FORMULATION NO.1S.NO.Material NameQuanty perTablet (mg)Percentage composition (%) measuring for 100 tablets (gm)1Amlodipine Besylate550.52Avecil 10247474.73Starch Pregelitinized47.7547.754.7754Magnesium stearate0.250.250.025Target concretion weight is 100mg containing 5 mg activeFORMULATION NO.2S.NO.Material NameQuanty perTablet (mg)Percentage composition (%)Quantity for 100 tablets (gm)1Amlodipine Besylate550.52Avecil ci47474.73Avecil 10247474.74Magnesium stearate110.1Target compression weight is 100mg containing 5 mg activeFORMULATION NO.3S.NO.Material NameQuanty perTablet (mg)Percentage composition (%)Quantity for 100 tablets (gm)1Amlodipine Besylate550.52Avecil 10249494.93Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous44444.44Sodium Starch Glycolate440.45Magnesium stearate110.1Target compression weight is 100mg containing 5 mg activeEQUIPMENTSRotary press ( ZP19)Electronic match (Sartorious TE 214S)Mixer ( polyethylene bag )Sieve 20METHODThree new formulation of Amlodipine Besylate were developed using three directly compressible agents i.e. microcrystalline cellulose (Avecil 101 and 102), starch pregelatinized and Dibasic Calcium Phosphate in nightclub to check the multi purpose excipients. First active and all excipients were weighed accurately using Sartorious TE 214S, The weighed poppycocks were screened through 20 mesh size sieve and then fuse of gunpowders was performed by geometric dilution method in polythene bag. First active was mixed with diluents by tumbling action and then angiotensin-converting enzyme by one other ingredients of formulation were mixed together. All the ingredients we re thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform distribution of all the ingredients throughout the formulation.Flow chart of manufacturing process advisement of active and excipientsSieving y 20 mesh sizeMixing of active and diluentAddition of other ingredientsAddition of lubricant and mixingTabletingPHYSICAL test OF TABLETAmlodipine Besylate tablets were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties by perfor instantg different pharmacopoeial test, i.e by official and unofficial tests including tablets weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, Thickness, diameter and confine uniformity and results were statistically analyzed and compared with marketed brands of Amlodipine Besylate named as test formulation 1, test formulation 2, test formulation 3TABLET THICKNESS AND DIAMETERThe dimensional specifications of tablets are important for m whatever an(prenominal) reasons. The measurement of the ponderousness and the diameter of a tablet usually accomplish ed by the use of micrometer (Vernier) calipers. The value is initially employed as in process control during production. harmony OF THICKNESSEQUIPMENTSVernier caliperMETHODTablet thickness is determined with a caliper or thickness gauge, which measures the thickness in millimeters. In this study, twenty tablets were taken and their thicknesses were determined using vernier caliper. Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart.LIMITSA plus or minus 5% standard deviation may be allowed, depending on the size of the tablet.Out of twenty tablets only two tablets will be allowed to exceed the limit.UNIFORMITY OF DIAMETER OF TABLETSEQUIPMENTVernier caliperMETHODTwenty tablets were taken and their diameters were determined using vernier caliper. . Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart.LIMITSA deviation of 5% from the stated diameter is allowed except that for diameters exceeding 12.5mm the deviation allowed is 3%.Out of 20 tablets only 2 tablets will be allowed to exceed the limit. crumbliness block outA certain weight of tablets ,are subjected to a well defined level of agitation in a fixed geometry,closed container for a specific duration.They are then again reweighted.The measure of abrasion resistance or FRIABILITYis usually expressed as a percentage loss in weight.EQUIPMENTElectronic parallelism (Sartorious TE 214S)Friabilator (Erweka Germany)METHODPreweight samples of 20tablets were taken and subjected to the combined effect of shock abrasion by utilizing the plastic chamber which revolved at 25rpm for 4minutes, droped the tablet at a distance of 6 inches with each revolution. Then the tablets were removed, dedusted and reweighed.LIMITSValues of friability of 0.8 to 1.0% are frequently quoted as the upper level of acceptability for pharmaceutical product. Generally the test is run once. If the results are doubtful for if weight loss is greater than 1% replicates the test twice and determines the mean of t he three tests. A maximum weight of 1% of the weight of the tablets to be tested is considered to be acceptable for most products.HARDNESS TESTThis test is intended to determined at a lower place defined conditions,the resistance to inhibition of tablets,measured by the drived needed to disturp them by crushing setup.Probably the most widely used technique is testing of crushing strength presisly defined as that compressional force which,when applied diametrically to a tablet,just fractures it.EQUIPMENTHardness tester (Pharma test)METHODTwenty tablets of every sample of brands and test formulation were taken and their hardness was determined using Pharma test hardness tester. In this type of tester load is applied at a constant rate by an electric motor. Results were statistically analyzed using three sigma control chart.LIMITSHardness will be measured in kg.Out of twenty tablets only two tablets are allowed to exceed the limit.DISINTIGRATION TEST FOR TABLETSDisintegration Test determines whether tablets or capsules crumble within the prescribed time when placed in the liquid medium in the experimental condition prescribed. For compressed uncoated tablets the testing fluid is usually water at 37 C, but in some cases monographs direct that simulated gastric fluid TS be used.This test is provided to determine whether tablets or capsules disintegrate within the prescribed time when placed in a liquid medium under the experimental conditions presented below.For the purposes of this test, disintegration does not imply complete dissolution of the unit or even of its active constituent. Complete disintegration is defined as thatState in which any residue of the unit, except fragments of insoluble coating or capsule shell, remaining on the screen of the test apparatus or adhering to the lower surface of the discs, if used, is a soft mass having no palpably firm core.Use apparatus A for tablets and capsules that are not greater than 18 mm long. For larger tablets or capsules use apparatus B.APPARATUSThe apparatus consists of a field goalful-rack group, a 1 liter, low-form beaker, 149 11 mm in height and having an in spite of appearance diameter of 106 9 mm for the immersion fluid, a thermostatic arrangement for heating the fluid between 35 C and 39 C, and a device for raising and lowering the wicket in the immersion fluid at a constant frequency rate between 29 and 32 cycles per minute, through a distance of 55 2 mm. The people of the fluid in the vessel is such that at the highest point of the upward stroke the wire mesh clay at to the lowest degree 15 mm below the surface of the fluid, and descends to not less than 25 mm from the bottom of the vessel on the downward stroke. At no time should the top of the basket-rack assembly become submerged. The time required for the upward stroke is equal to the time required for the downward stroke, and the change in stroke counsel is a smooth transition, rather than an abrupt reversal of motion. The basket-rack assembly moves vertically along its axis. There is no appreciable horizontal motion or sweat of the axis from the vertical.BASKET-RACK ASSEMBLYThe basket-rack assembly consists of 6 open-ended transparent tubes, each 77.5 2.5 mm long and having an inside diameter of 21.85 1.15 mm and a wall 1.9 0.9 mm thick the tubes are held in a vertical position by 2 plates, each 90 2 mm in diameter and 6.75 1.75 mm in thickness, with 6 holes, each 24 2 mm in diameter, equidistant from the centre of the plate and equally spaced from one another. Attached to the under surface of the lower plate is a woven stainless steel wire cloth, which has a plain square weave with 2.0 0.2 mm mesh apertures and with a wire diameter of 0.615 0.045 mm. The parts of the apparatus are assembled and rigidly held by bureau of 3 bolts passing through the 2 plates. A suitable means is provided to suspend the basket-rack assembly from the raising and lowering device using a point on it s axis. The design of the basket-rack assembly may be varied slenderly provided the specifications for the glass tubes and the screen mesh size are maintained. The basket-rack assembly conforms to the dimensions.DISCS The use of discs is permitted only where specify or allowed. Each tube is provided with a cylindrical disc 9.5 0.15 mm thick and 20.7 0.15 mm in diameter. The disc is made of a suitable, transparent plastic material having a specific gravity of 1.18-1.20. 5 correspond 2 0.1 mm holes extend between the ends of the cylinder. One of the holes is centered on the cylindrical axis. The other holes are centered 6 0.2 mm from the axis on imaginary lines perpendicular to the axis and parallel to each other. 4 identical trapezoid boneal-shaped planes are cut into the wall of the cylinder, nearly perpendicular to the ends of the cylinder. The trapezoidal shape is harmonious its parallel sides coincide with the ends of the cylinder and are parallel to an imaginary line c onnecting the centres of 2 adjacent holes 6 mm from the cylindrical axis. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the bottom of the cylinder has a length of 1.6 0.1 mm and its bottom edges lie at a depth of 1.6 0.1 mm from the cylinders circumference. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the top of the cylinder has a length of 9.4 0.2 mm and its centre lies at a depth of 2.6 0.1 mm from the cylinders circumference. All surfaces of the disc are smooth.If the use of discs is specified, add a disc to each tube and operate the apparatus as directed under Procedure. The discs conform to the dimensions. The use of automatic detection employing circumscribed discs is permitted where the use of discs is specified or allowed. Such discs must comply with the requirements of density and dimension.PROCEDUREPlace 1 dosage unit in each of the 6 tubes of the basket and, if prescribed, add a disc. Operate the apparatus using the specified medium, maintained at 37 2 C, as the immersion fluid. A t the end of the specified time, lift the basket from the fluid and observe the dosage units all of the dosage units have disintegrated completely. If 1 or 2 dosage units fail to disintegrate, repeat the test on 12 additional dosage units. The requirements of the test are met if not less than 16 of the 18 dosage units tested have disintegrated.EQUIPMENTDisintegrating weapon (Pharma Test)METHODTest 6 tablets or capsules either by using 2 basket-rack assemblies in parallel or by repeating the procedure. In each of the 3 tubes, place 1 tablet or capsule and, if prescribed, add a disc suspend the assembly in the beaker containing the specified liquid. Operate the apparatus for the prescribed period, withdraw the assembly and examine the state of the tablets or capsules. To pass the test, all 6 of the tablets or capsules must have disintegrated.LIMITSAll tablets must disintegrate completely, if one or two tablets fails to disintegrate, the test is to be repeated using 12 tablets. Out of the 18 tablets then tested,16 must have disintegrated within the abandoned period of time .The condition of the test are varied somewhat for coated tablets,buccal tablets and sublingual tablets. Disintegration time are included in the individual tablet monograph. For most uncoated tablets the period is less than 15 minutes although the time for some uncoated tablets varied greatly from this.WEIGHT VARIATION or so pharmacopoeias include a simple weight test on a specified number of tablet(N) which are weight individually and the arithmetic mean weight calculated.Limitations on the number of test tablets that may lie outside certain limits are than specified.However,in the USP the results of the assay are used to convert these weights into active ingredients content.EQUIPMENTSElectronic respite (Sartorious TE 214S)METHODTwenty tablets of every samples were taken randomly and eight individually, and then average weight was determined.LIMITSAccording to USP not more than two of the t ablets must not differ by more than the percentage listed below, no tablet differs by more than double that percentage. Tablets that are coated are exempt from these requirements but most conform to the test for content uniformity if it is applicable. The USP has provided tolerance for the average weight of uncoated compressed tablets. These are applicable when the tablets contain 50mg or more of the drug substances or when the matter comprises 50% or more, by weight, of the dosage form.Average Weight%age Difference130mg or less10130mg to 324 mg7.5More than 324mg5ASSAYAMLODIPINE BESYLATEREAGENTS0.1N Sodium Hydroxide in MethanolDimethyl formamide (DMF)STANDARD SOLUTION50mcg/ml of Amlodipine Besylate in DMF.SAMPLESOLUTIONExtract appropriate quantity of pulverise sample with DMF to get concentration of 50mcg/ml.PROEDURETo 2ml each of sample and standard solution, add 0.2ml of Sodium hydroxide solution and dilute to 10ml with DMF and measure the absorption of orange chromatogen at 450n m against reagent blank. Calculate the table of contents of amlodipine by comparison.(237)AMLODIPINE BESYLATEThe tablets comply with the requirment stated under tablet and with the following requirment.CONTENT OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATEC20H25ClN2O5,C6H6O3S 97.0% to 102.0% (Anhydrous substance)CHEMICALSSodium hydroxide pelletsMethanolN-N Dimethyl FormamideEQUIPMENT AND GLASS WARESElectronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S)UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Double beam Shimadzu 1650PC )Volumetric Flask (100ml,Pyrex England)Volumetric Flask (10ml,Pyrex England)Pipettes (10ml Pyrex England)Pipettes (2ml Pyrex England)Conical Flasks (Pyrex England)Beaker (Pyrex England)Filter write up (Whatman 42)METHODWeigh and powder 20tablets of amlodipine Besylate 5mg (DC). Take quantity of the powder containing 5mg of amlodipine Besylate (average weight) in a 100ml volumetric flask and add N-N Dimethyl Formamide into it and mix thoroughly with the help of magnetic stirrer and then make up the volume up to 100ml.The n take 2ml from first dilution into a 10ml volumetric flask, add 0.2l of 0.1N Sodium hydroxide solution in 10ml volumetric flask then make up volume with N-N Dimethyl Formamide.Then take the absorbance at 450nm on spectrophotometer and calculate the content of amlodipine Besylate.CALCULATION(AMLODIPINE BESYLATE mgtablet)% ASSAY = Abs of sp X__ 100Abs of STDUNIFORMITY OF CONTENTThe test for uniformity of content of single-dose preparations is based on the assay of the individual contents of active substance(s) of a number of single-dose units to determine whether the individual contents are within limits set with reference to the average content of the sample. Tablets containing highly potent medicaments present in milligram or microgram does may be subject to a large inter tablet variation. This may be due to failure to achieve a homogenous mix of active ingredient and exciient during manufacture.The test is not required for multivitamin and trace-element preparations and in other j ustified and authorized circumstances.Method Using a suitable analytical method determines the individual contents of active substance(s) of 10 dosage units taken at random.Apply the criteria of test A, test B or test C as specified in the monograph for the dosage form in question.Test ATablets, powders for parenteral use, ophthalmic inserts, suspensions for shootingTest BCapsules, powders other than for parenteral use, granules, suppositories, pessaries Test CTransdermal patchesTest ATablets, powders for parenteral use, ophthalmic inserts, suspensions for injection The preparation complies with the test if each individual content is between 85 per cent and 115 per cent of the average content. The preparation fails to comply with the test if more than one individual content is outside these limits or if one individual content is outside the limits of 75 percent to 125 percent of the average content.If one individual content is outside the limits of 85 percent to 115 percent but wit hin the limits of 75 percent to 125 percent, determine the individual contents of another 20 dosage units taken at random. The preparation complies with the test if not more than one of the individual contents of the 30 units is outside 85 percent to 115 percent of the average content and none is outside the limits of 75 percent to 125 per cent of the average content.CONTENT UNIFORMITYC.U = Abs of essay X wt of std X 100 X 100Abs of STD X 100 X LC* LC =Label claimDISSOLUTIONThis test is provided to determine compliance with the dissolution requirements for solid dosage forms administered orally.Apparatus 1 (Basket apparatus) the assembly consists of the following a vessel, which may be covered, made of glass or other inert, transparent material a motor a drive shaft and a cylindrical basket (stirring element). The vessel is partially immersed in a suitable water-bath of any commodious size or heated by a suitable device such as a heating jacket. The water-bath or heating device per mits maintaining the temperature inside the vessel at 37 0.5 C during the test and keeping the dissolution medium in constant, smooth motion. No part of the assembly, including the environment in which the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to the smoothly rotating stirring element. Apparatus that permits observation of the preparation and stirring element during the test is preferable. The vessel is cylindrical, with a hemispherical bottom and a capacity of 1 litre. Its height is 160-210 mm and its inside diameter is 98-106 mm. Its sides are flanged at the top. A fitted cover may be used to retard evaporation.2 The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant careen that could affect the results. A speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at a specified rate, within 4 per cent.Shaft and basket components of the stirring element are fabricated of stainless steel, type 316 or equivalent, to the specifications shown in Figure 2.9.3.-1.A basket having a gold coating of about 2.5 m (0.0001 inch) thick may be used. The dosage unit is placed in a dry basket at the beginning of each test. The distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the bottom of the basket is maintained at 25 2 mm during the test.Apparatus 2 (Paddle apparatus) Use the assembly from Apparatus 1, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm from the vertical axis of the vessel, at any point, and rotates smoothly without significant wobble that could affect the results. The vertical center line of the blade passes through the axis of the shaft so that the bottom of the blade is flush with the bottom of the shaft. The paddle conforms to the specifications shown in F igure 2.9.3.-2. The distance of 25 2 mm between the bottom of the blade and the inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test. The metallic or fitly inert, rigid blade and shaft comprise a single entity. A suitable two-part detachable design may be used provided the assembly remains firmly engaged during the test. The paddle blade and shaft may be coated with a suitable coating so as to make them inert. The dosage unit is allowed to sink to the bottom of the vessel before rotation of the blade is started. A small, loose piece of non-reactive material, such as not more than a few turns of wire helix, may be attached to dosage units that would otherwise float. An alternative halo device is shown in Figure 2.9.3.-3. Other validated sinker devices may be used.DISSOLUTION MEDIUM1.2 pH caramel DISSOLUTION MEDIAREAGENTS USEDHtdrochloric Acid (Merck grade)Distilled and deionized waterPREPARATION0.1N HCl was used as 1.2pH buffer media.4.5 pH BUFFER DISSOLUTION MEDIAREAGENTS US EDPotassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (Merck,Germany)Distilled and deionized waterPREPARATION6.8gm of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate in1000ml DI water and adjust pH with Phosphoric acid.6.8 pH BUFFER DISSOLUTION MEDIAREAGENTS USED0.2M Potassium Dihydrogen hosphate0.1M Sodium hydroxideDistilled and deionized waterPREPARATION0.2M KH2PO4 13.61gm of Potassium Dihydrogen hosphate in 500ml DI water.0.1MNaOH 4gm in 500ml DI water.6.8pH Buffer 250ml of 0.2M KH2PO4 and 112ml of 0.1MNaOH to make 1000ml with DI water.CALCULATION% age drug release = Abs of sp X100Abs of STDSAMPLING SCHEDULESample were drawn at 5min thenAfter 10minAfter 15minAfter 20minAfter 30minAfter 45minAfter 60minAfter 120minEXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONSUsual experimental conditions are e.g.Apparatus paddle/basketVolume of dissolution medium 900 mlTemperature of the dissolution medium 37 C1CAgitation paddle apparatus usually 50 rpm, basket apparatus usually 100 rpmSampling schedule e.g.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minBuffer pH 1.2 (0.1 N HCl or SGF without enzymes), pH 4.5, and pH 6.8 (or SIF withoutenzymes) (pH should be ensured throughout the experiment Ph.Eur. buffers recommended)CHEMICALSBuffer 1.2 pH (0.1N HCl)Buffer 4.5 pHBuffer 6.8 pHEQUIPMENT AND GLASS WARESDissolution paddle apparatusDistillation plantElectronic Balance (Sartorious TE 214S)UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Double beam Shimadzu 1650PC )Volumetric Flask (100ml,Pyrex England)Pipettes (10ml Pyrex England)Pipettes graduated(2ml Pyrex England)Conical Flasks (Pyrex England)Beaker (Pyrex England)Filter paper (Whatman 42)PREPARATION OF STANDERDAccurately weight the standard and poured it into 100ml volumetric flask.The volume was made with the respective buffer and mixed,the stock solution was obtained.Then pippet out 1.1ml from the stock solution into another volumetric flask again made the volume with the respective buffer solution .Mixed it properly by shaking that was the first dilution and the required strength of standard was achieved to a nalyse.PREPARATION OF SAMPLEPlaced the tablets of each brand into the vessel of paddle dissolutionhaving 900ml of resoective dissolution media.Switch on the apparatus and collect the sample according to the respective sampling interval that is 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 45min, 60min, and 120min.Every time the withdrawn media was replaced by the freh media.